The effect of physical activity on mortality and cardiovascular disease in 130 000 people from 17 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: the PURE study
Green Exercise: Complementary Roles of Nature, Exercise and Diet in Physical and Emotional Well-Being and Implications for Public Health Policy
Jules Pretty1, Murray Griffin2, Martin Sellens2, Chris Pretty3 1 Centre for Environment and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex 2 Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex 3 Suffolk College,
Ipswich CES Occasional Paper 2003-1, University of Essex March 2003
Luke T. Stewart, Anas U. Khan, Kai Wang, Diana Pizarro, Sandipan Pati, Susan C. Buckingham, Michelle L. Olsen, John C. Chatham, Lori L. McMahon. Acute Increases in Protein O-GlcNAcylation Dampen Epileptiform Activity in Hippocampus. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2017; 37 (34): 8207 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0173-16.2017
近年《Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology》也刊登一篇義大利皮亞琴察醫院(Piacenza hospital)發表於American Society of Clinical Oncology會議上的研究發表指出,富含水果、蔬菜、魚類及橄欖油的地中海飲食,可能有助於預防乳癌的復發。
Craig H. Zalvan, Shirley Hu, Barbara Greenberg, Jan Geliebter. A Comparison of Alkaline Water and Mediterranean Diet vs Proton Pump Inhibition for Treatment of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 2017; DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2017.1454
每一次實驗結束的時候,研究員都會測量受試者好的膽固醇(HDL)的濃度和功能,將之和實驗最初測量的數值相比較。結果發現,體重正常的受試者中,吃杏仁可以增加好的膽固醇(HDL)當中功能較好的「 α-1」數量達19%,而且好的膽固醇(HDL)的功能也提升了6.4%。此研究已刊登於《營養學期刊》(Journal of Nutrition)。
Claire E Berryman, Jennifer A Fleming, Penny M Kris-Etherton. Inclusion of Almonds in a Cholesterol-Lowering Diet Improves Plasma HDL Subspecies and Cholesterol Efflux to Serum in Normal-Weight Individuals with Elevated LDL Cholesterol. The Journal of Nutrition, 2017; 147 (8): 1517 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.245126
Viviane S. Hambrecht-Wiedbusch, Maya Gabel, Linda J. Liu, John P. Imperial, Angelo V. Colmenero, Giancarlo Vanini. Preemptive Caffeine Administration Blocks the Increase in Postoperative Pain Caused by Previous Sleep Loss in the Rat: A Potential Role for Preoptic Adenosine A2A Receptors in Sleep–Pain Interactions. Sleep, 2017; DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx116
國際生命科學會北美分會(ILSI North America)有感於此,決定更新該篇經典文獻,邀請15位包括流行病學、臨床醫學和系統性回顧的專家,歷時逾2年的時間,將2001年至2015年6月間發表的咖啡因潛在不良作用的數據進行系統性回顧(systematic review),以成年人、孕婦、青少年、兒童此4個健康族群為探討對象,對於急性毒性、心血管毒性、骨頭和鈣的影響、行為、發育與繁殖此5類結果,與加拿大衛生部的「無不良作用咖啡因攝取量」現行版本進行差異探討。
英國倫敦衛生與熱帶醫學院(London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)的弗萊徹博士(Astrid E. Fletcher),在印度檢驗了5,638位60歲以上老年人的血液,並進行眼睛檢查,在研究分析後發現,血液中維生素C的含量在38毫摩爾/升(mmol/liter)的老年人,會比血液中沒有維生素C含量的老年人,減少39%發生白內障的風險,這篇研究報告已刊登在《眼科》(Ophthalmology)期刊中。
Ravindran RD, Vashist P, Gupta SK, et al. Inverse Association of Vitamin C with Cataract in Older People in India.Ophthalmology. 2011;118(10):1958-1965.e2. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.03.016.
De Gottardi et al.Dark Chocolate attenuates the post -prandial increase in HVPG in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension..Journal of Hepatology, 2010; 52S9 DOI:10.1016/S0168-8278(10)60021-9
Ludmila Belayev, Pranab K Mukherjee, Veronica Balaszczuk, Jorgelina M Calandria, Andre Obenaus, Larissa Khoutorova, Sung-Ha Hong, Nicolas G Bazan.Neuroprotectin D1 upregulates Iduna expression and provides protection in cellular uncompensated oxidative stress and in experimental ischemic stroke.Cell Death and Differentiation, 2017; DOI:10.1038/cdd.2017.55
Pete A. Williams, Jeffrey M. Harder, Nicole E. Foxworth, Kelly E. Cochran, Vivek M. Philip, Vittorio Porciatti, Oliver Smithies, Simon W. M. John. Vitamin B 3 modulates mitochondrial vulnerability and prevents glaucoma in aged mice. Science, 2017; 355 (6326): 756 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal0092
2014年有另一篇動物實驗發現:維生素B3可以預防肝癌:
Krishna S. Tummala, Ana L. Gomes, Mahmut Yilmaz, Osvaldo Graña, Latifa Bakiri, Isabel Ruppen, Pilar Ximénez-Embún, Vinayata Sheshappanavar, Manuel Rodriguez- Justo, David G. Pisano, Erwin F. Wagner & Nabil Djouder. Inhibition of De Novo NAD Synthesis by Oncogenic URI Causes Liver Tumorigenesis through DNA Damage. Cancer Cell, November 2014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.10.002